These early contributions paved the way for encyclopedias, manuals, and other publications useful in identifying the content of art. They looked back to earlier attempts to classify and organise subjects encyclopedically like Cesare Ripa's Iconologia overo Descrittione Dell’imagini Universali cavate dall’Antichità et da altri luoghi and Anne Claude Philippe de Caylus's Recueil d'antiquités égyptiennes, étrusques, grècques, romaines et gauloises as guides to understanding works of art, both religious and profane, in a more scientific manner than the popular aesthetic approach of the time. Iconography as an academic art historical discipline developed in the nineteenth-century in the works of scholars such as Adolphe Napoleon Didron (1806–1867), Anton Heinrich Springer (1825–1891), and Émile Mâle (1862–1954) all specialists in Christian religious art, which was the main focus of study in this period, in which French scholars were especially prominent. Altogether 25 scenes, not all involving the Virgin, are depicted. Ī painting with complex iconography: Hans Memling's so-called Seven Joys of the Virgin - in fact this is a later title for a Life of the Virgin cycle on a single panel. Lessing's study (1796) of the classical figure Amor with an inverted torch was an early attempt to use a study of a type of image to explain the culture it originated in, rather than the other way round. Gian Pietro Bellori, a 17th-century biographer of artists of his own time, describes and analyses, not always correctly, many works. Iconography as a field of study Foundations of iconographyĮarly Western writers who took special note of the content of images include Giorgio Vasari, whose Ragionamenti, interpreting the paintings in the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, reassuringly demonstrates that such works were difficult to understand even for well-informed contemporaries. 4 Iconographic analysis in articles on individual works.3 Iconography in disciplines other than art history.Interjections can really liven up a sentence. Such examples are Wow!, Ouch!, Hurray!, and Oh no!. Interjection - An interjection is a word that shows strong emotion. Homographs - Homographs are words that may or may not sound alike but have the same spelling but a different meaning.Ĭomplex Sentence - A complex sentence is an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. Homophones - Homophones are words that sound alike but they have different meanings and different spellings. Some examples are in, out, under, over, after, out, into, up, down, for, and between. Preposition - A preposition is a word that shows position or, direction. Some examples conjunctions are: and, but, or, nor, although, yet, so, either, and also. It tells what kind, how many, or which one.Ĭonjunction - A conjunction is a word that joins words or word groups together. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.Īdjective - An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. Proper Noun - The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. Nouns are the subject of a sentence.Ĭommon Noun - A noun that does not name a specific person, place or thing. Noun - A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. They tell how much, how often, when and where something is done.
Verb - A verb is a word that expresses an action or a state of being.Īdverb - An adverb describes how the action is performed.
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